Urinary system - ApoZona

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Today you will learn what is needed and how the human excretory system functions. This is a very important branch of medicine, as the health of the body is directly related to it.

To begin with, it should be recalled that all substances entering our body are processed: useful substances are absorbed by cells, and unnecessary and harmful ones are removed. This process is called metabolism.

The main function of the human excretory system is to cleanse the body of decay products.

Human excretory system

The excretory system is a set of organs that remove excess water, metabolic products, salts, as well as toxic compounds that have entered the body from the outside or formed directly in it.

Organs of the excretory system

Carbon dioxide is removed from the human body thanks to the lungs. A significant part of the “waste” is excreted by the gastrointestinal tract with food residues. Some substances are released through the skin along with sweat.

The main organ of the excretory system

The main organ of the excretory system is the kidneys. That is why the state of their health is so important for a person.

The kidneys are a paired organ. They are located in the lumbar region closer to the back and resemble beans in shape. The size of one kidney is about the size of an adult’s fist.

The structure of the excretory system

In addition, the urinary system includes the bladder, ureters and urethra.

Through the renal artery, blood enters the kidney, where it is purified from decay products using a filtering system – nephrons.

There are up to 2 million nephrons . In each nephron there is a system of tiny tubes, the total length of which reaches 50 km!

The nephron consists of a filtering glomerulus and tubules. The walls of the capillaries of the filtering glomeruli resemble a very frequent sieve. The diameter of the bringing vessel is larger than the carrying one.

This creates pressure and thereby filters the blood: large molecules and shaped elements (erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes) remain in the bloodstream.

The fluid extracted from the blood, formed in the kidneys after such filtration, is called primary urine. Then nutrients are removed from it, and secondary urine is obtained, which gets from the renal pelvis into the bladder through the ureters, after which it is excreted from the human body through the urethra.

Functions of the excretory system

With urine, the final products of metabolism (slags), excess water and salts, as well as toxic elements are excreted from the body.

A person controls the process of urination with the help of the circular muscles of the bladder – sphincters. The mechanism of their action resembles a crane.

The skin takes an active part in the excretory system. Through the sweat glands, of which there are about 2.5 million in the human skin, slags are also released along with sweat.

This is not only excess water, but also 5-7% of all urea, various acids, salts, sodium, potassium, calcium, organic matter and trace elements.

If a person’s kidneys begin to work poorly, the amount of substances released through the skin increases. This is the body’s signal about the disease.

The kidneys cannot function properly without enough water. Therefore, it is recommended to drink at least 2 liters of clean water a day.

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Hoy aprenderás lo que se necesita y cómo funciona el sistema excretor humano. Esta es una rama muy importante de la medicina, ya que la salud del cuerpo está directamente relacionada con ella.

Para empezar, debe recordarse que todas las sustancias que entran en nuestro cuerpo son procesadas: las sustancias útiles son absorbidas por las células y se eliminan las innecesarias y dañinas. Este proceso se llama metabolismo.

La función principal del sistema excretor humano es limpiar el cuerpo de productos de descomposición.

Sistema excretor humano

El sistema excretor es un conjunto de órganos que eliminan el exceso de agua, productos metabólicos, sales, así como compuestos tóxicos que han ingresado al cuerpo desde el exterior o se han formado directamente en él.

Órganos del sistema excretor

El dióxido de carbono se elimina del cuerpo humano gracias a los pulmones. Una parte significativa de los” desechos ” se excreta por el tracto gastrointestinal con residuos de alimentos. Algunas sustancias se liberan a través de la piel junto con el sudor.

El órgano principal del sistema excretor

El órgano principal del sistema excretor son los riñones. Es por eso que el estado de su salud es tan importante para una persona.

Los riñones son un órgano pareado. Se encuentran en la región lumbar más cerca de la espalda y se asemejan a los frijoles en forma. El tamaño de un riñón es aproximadamente el tamaño del puño de un adulto.

La estructura del sistema excretor

Además, el sistema urinario incluye la vejiga, los uréteres y la uretra.

A través de la arteria renal, la sangre ingresa al riñón, donde se purifica de los productos de descomposición utilizando un sistema de filtrado: las nefronas.

Hay hasta 2 millones de nefronas . ¡En cada nefrona hay un sistema de tubos diminutos, cuya longitud total alcanza los 50 km!

La nefrona consiste en un glomérulo filtrante y túbulos. Las paredes de los capilares de los glomérulos filtrantes se asemejan a un tamiz muy frecuente. El diámetro del recipiente que trae es mayor que el que lleva.

Esto crea presión y, por lo tanto, filtra la sangre: grandes moléculas y elementos formados (eritrocitos, plaquetas, leucocitos) permanecen en el torrente sanguíneo.

El líquido extraído de la sangre, formado en los riñones después de dicha filtración, se llama orina primaria. Luego se eliminan los nutrientes de ella, y se obtiene orina secundaria, que pasa de la pelvis renal a la vejiga a través de los uréteres, después de lo cual se excreta del cuerpo humano a través de la uretra.

Funciones del sistema excretor

Con la orina, los productos finales del metabolismo (escorias), el exceso de agua y sales, así como los elementos tóxicos se excretan del cuerpo.

Una persona controla el proceso de orinar con la ayuda de los músculos circulares de la vejiga – esfínteres. El mecanismo de su acción se asemeja a una grúa.

La piel participa activamente en el sistema excretor. A través de las glándulas sudoríparas, de las cuales hay alrededor de 2,5 millones en la piel humana, las escorias también se liberan junto con el sudor.

Esto no es solo el exceso de agua, sino también el 5-7% de toda la urea, varios ácidos, sales, sodio, potasio, calcio, materia orgánica y oligoelementos.

Si los riñones de una persona comienzan a funcionar mal, la cantidad de sustancias liberadas a través de la piel aumenta. Esta es la señal del cuerpo sobre la enfermedad.

Los riñones no pueden funcionar correctamente sin suficiente agua. Por lo tanto, se recomienda beber al menos 2 litros de agua limpia al día.