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The melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland (also called epiphysis). Melatonin secretion is inhibited in the presence of light and stimulated when it is dark. The maximum production is reached from 2 a.m. to 5 a.m., hence the names of sleep hormone or dark hormone. By means of melatonin, the pineal gland informs the brain on the relative durations of the hours of darkness and lighting over a period of 24 h (daily cycle), but also throughout the year (seasonal cycle). By secreting melatonin, the pineal gland "tells" the brain that it is dark and that it is the right time to sleep.